
Table of Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................... 14
1. cOS Core Overview ........................................................................................... 17
1.1. Features ............................................................................................... 17
1.2. cOS Core Architecture ............................................................................. 22
1.2.1. State-based Architecture .............................................................. 22
1.2.2. cOS Core Building Blocks .............................................................. 22
1.2.3. Basic Packet Flow ......................................................................... 23
1.3. cOS Core State Engine Packet Flow ........................................................... 26
2. Management and Maintenance .......................................................................... 31
2.1. Managing cOS Core ................................................................................ 31
2.1.1. Overview .................................................................................... 31
2.1.2. Default Administrator Accounts ..................................................... 33
2.1.3. The Web Interface ........................................................................ 33
2.1.4. The CLI ....................................................................................... 39
2.1.5. CLI Scripts ................................................................................... 50
2.1.6. Secure Copy ................................................................................ 55
2.1.7. The Console Boot Menu ................................................................ 57
2.1.8. Changing Management Access ...................................................... 60
2.1.9. Management Advanced Settings ................................................... 65
2.1.10. Working with Configurations ....................................................... 66
2.2. Events and Logging ................................................................................ 73
2.2.1. Overview .................................................................................... 73
2.2.2. Log Messages ............................................................................. 73
2.2.3. Creating Log Receivers ................................................................. 74
2.2.4. Logging to MemoryLogReceiver .................................................... 75
2.2.5. Logging to Syslog Hosts ............................................................... 75
2.2.6. Logging to the Clavister Logger ..................................................... 77
2.2.7. Severity Filter and Message Exceptions ........................................... 78
2.2.8. SNMP Traps ................................................................................ 79
2.2.9. Advanced Log Settings ................................................................. 80
2.3. RADIUS Accounting ................................................................................ 82
2.3.1. Overview .................................................................................... 82
2.3.2. RADIUS Accounting Messages ....................................................... 82
2.3.3. Interim Accounting Messages ........................................................ 84
2.3.4. Configuring RADIUS Accounting .................................................... 84
2.3.5. RADIUS Accounting Security ......................................................... 86
2.3.6. RADIUS Accounting and High Availability ........................................ 86
2.3.7. Handling Unresponsive RADIUS Servers .......................................... 86
2.3.8. Accounting and System Shutdowns ............................................... 87
2.3.9. Limitations with NAT .................................................................... 87
2.3.10. Advanced RADIUS Settings .......................................................... 87
2.4. Monitoring ............................................................................................ 89
2.4.1. Real-time Monitoring Counters ...................................................... 89
2.4.2. Real-time Monitor Alerts ............................................................... 94
2.4.3. The Link Monitor ......................................................................... 94
2.4.4. SNMP Monitoring ........................................................................ 98
2.4.5. Hardware Monitoring ................................................................. 101
2.4.6. Memory Monitoring Settings ....................................................... 105
2.5. Diagnostic Tools .................................................................................. 106
2.5.1. Overview .................................................................................. 106
2.5.2. Diagnostic CLI Commands .......................................................... 106
2.5.3. The pcapdump CLI Command ...................................................... 107
2.5.4. Hardware Fault Troubleshooting .................................................. 109
2.6. Maintenance ....................................................................................... 112
2.6.1. Software Upgrades .................................................................... 112
2.6.2. Auto-Update Mechanism ............................................................ 114
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